GRAB CARD — IFR equipment 91.205(d)
Generator/alternator · Radios (comm + nav) · Altimeter (sensitive) · Ball (slip-skid) · Clock (h:m:s) · Attitude indicator · Rate of turn · Directional gyro
ATOMATOFLAMES — VFR day 91.205(b)
Airspeed · Tachometer · Oil pressure · Manifold pressure · Altimeter · Temp (liquid-cooled) · Oil temp · Fuel gauge · Landing gear indicator · Anti-collision · Magnetic compass · ELT · Safety belts
FLAPS — night VFR 91.205(c)
Fuses (spare) · Landing light (hire) · Anti-collision · Position lights · Source of electrical energy
AVIATES — inspections & checks
Annual 12 cal. mo (91.409) · VOR 30 days (91.171) · Inspection 100 h if for hire (91.409) · Altimeter/static 24 mo (91.411) · Transponder 24 mo (91.413) · ELT 12 mo (91.207) · Static system (with the altimeter test)
6-6-HIT — IFR currency 61.57(c)
Within preceding 6 calendar months: 6 approaches · Holding · Intercepting & Tracking courses. Lapse ≤6 more months: redo tasks. Beyond: IPC.
Pitot-static quick table
Pitot blocked, drain open: ASI → 0
Pitot + drain blocked: ASI like altimeter
Static blocked: ALT frozen, VSI 0, ASI low in climb / high in descent
Alternate static: reads high, VSI blip up
ASI = pitot+static · ALT, VSI = static only
Compass errors
UNOS: Undershoot North, Overshoot South (turning)
ANDS: Accelerate North, Decelerate South (E/W headings)
Altimeter
1 in. Hg ≈ 1,000 ft · High→low (or hot→cold), look out below · Preflight: within 75 ft of field elevation
Partial panel (vacuum failure)
Lose AI + DG. Keep TC, ASI, ALT, VSI, compass. Standard-rate turns (3°/s, 2 min = 360°) by clock. Ask ATC for help.
VOR check tolerances 91.171
VOT / ground checkpoint ±4° · Airborne checkpoint ±6° · Airway ground point ±6° · Dual VOR 4° apart · Every 30 days · log date, place, error, signature
G1000 failure map
Airspeed/alt/VSI X → ADC (GDC 74) · Attitude/heading X → AHRS (GRS 77 / GMU 44) · NAV/COM/GPS X → GIA 63 · Engine X → GEA 71 · Display dead → red DISPLAY BACKUP
Alternator failure
Confirm → breaker/cycle ALT once → shed loads → ATC → land as soon as practical. Alternator needs battery for field.
Ice
Anti-ice prevents, de-ice removes. Non-FIKI: exit. Clear ice (large drops, 0 to −10 °C) vs rime (small drops, colder). Carb ice: 20-70 °F + moisture.
91.213(d) inop equipment (no MEL)
Not required by TC/VFR-day, 91.205, equipment list/KOEL, AD → remove or deactivate + placard INOPERATIVE → qualified person says no hazard.
IR eligibility 61.65(d)
50 h XC PIC (10 airplane) · 40 h instrument (15 w/ CFII) · 3 h in last 2 cal. months · 250 NM IFR XC, 3 approach types · devices ≤20 h (BATD 10, AATD 20)
Medical 61.23(d) (private)
Third class: <40 → 60 cal. mo · ≥40 → 24 cal. mo. BasicMed: exam 48 mo, course 24 mo, ≤6 pax, 6,000 lb, FL180, 250 kt — IFR OK.
Safety pilot 91.109(c)
Private+ with category & class · vision fwd/sides (or observer) · fully functioning dual controls (or qualifying throwover wheel). Log: place + type of approach + safety pilot name (61.51(g)(3)).
Flight review 61.56 / 61.31
24 cal. months, 1 h ground + 1 h flight · Complex = retract + flaps + CP prop · High-perf >200 hp.
1-2-3 rule / alternates / fuel
No alternate: approach at dest and ±1 h of ETA ceiling ≥ 2,000, vis ≥ 3 SM. Alternate std: 600-2 precision, 800-2 nonprecision. Fuel: dest + alt + 45 min.